How to Connect Solar Panels to Inverter

Understand solar panel wiring, string configurations, and proper connection methods. Safety-first guide.

Connecting solar panels to your inverter correctly is crucial for system performance and safety. This guide explains the basics of solar wiring, though we recommend professional installation for safety.

Safety Warning

Solar panels produce dangerous DC voltage that can kill. Even a single 550W panel produces around 40-50V DC. Multiple panels in series can exceed 400V. Always disconnect panels from sunlight (cover with opaque material), work with qualified electricians, and follow local electrical regulations.

Series vs Parallel Connection

method	voltage	current	use
Series	Adds up	Stays same	Match inverter MPPT voltage range
Parallel	Stays same	Adds up	When voltage limit reached
Series-Parallel	Mixed	Mixed	Most common for larger systems

methodSeries

voltageAdds up

currentStays same

useMatch inverter MPPT voltage range

methodParallel

voltageStays same

currentAdds up

useWhen voltage limit reached

methodSeries-Parallel

voltageMixed

currentMixed

useMost common for larger systems

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Series Connection Example

Connecting 5 x 550W panels in series:

Each panel: 41V × 13A = 550W
In series: 205V × 13A = 2650W (5 panels)
Positive of panel 1 → Negative of panel 2 → etc.
Final positive and negative to inverter MPPT input
Total string voltage: 205V (must be within inverter MPPT range)

How to Size Strings

Calculating correct string configuration:

1. Check inverter MPPT voltage range (e.g., 120-500V)
2. Find panel Voc (open circuit voltage) - typically 41-50V
3. Calculate max panels per string: Max MPPT voltage ÷ Panel Voc
4. Calculate min panels per string: Min MPPT voltage ÷ Panel Vmp
5. Account for temperature (voltage increases in cold weather)
Example: 500V max ÷ 41V = 12 panels maximum per string

Basic Connection Steps

General process (professional installation recommended):

1. Plan string configuration based on inverter specs
2. Cover panels to prevent power generation during work
3. Connect panels in strings (positive to negative)
4. Use proper MC4 connectors - no bare wire joins
5. Run DC cables to inverter location
6. Connect strings to inverter MPPT inputs
7. Connect battery to inverter (if applicable)
8. Connect inverter AC output to distribution board
9. Uncover panels and commission system

Price Disclaimer: Prices shown were verified on 29 January 2026. Prices may change without notice. We earn affiliate commissions on qualifying purchases.

All prices are in South African Rand (ZAR) unless otherwise stated. Shipping costs may apply depending on your location.

Inverter Sizing Solar Panel Prices Installation Guide

How to Connect Solar Panels to Inverter FAQs

While technically possible for off-grid systems, it's not recommended. Solar panels produce dangerous DC voltage. In South Africa, grid-tied systems must be installed by qualified electricians with COC. For your safety and insurance validity, use professional installers.

Incorrect wiring can cause: inverter damage (exceeding voltage limits), reduced performance (mismatched strings), fire risk (improper connections), or electric shock hazard. Series vs parallel mistakes can exceed inverter voltage limits and destroy equipment.

Major retailers: Builders Warehouse, Makro, Takealot. Solar specialists: SolarShop, Sustainable.co.za, The Solar Warehouse. Always compare prices and check warranty support before buying.

For grid-tied systems, yes - you need a qualified electrician with COC (Certificate of Compliance). For simple off-grid setups, DIY is possible but not recommended. Poor installation is the #1 cause of solar system failures.

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